E-Squared Magazine
Art + Science | Culture
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Friday, January 27th, 2017

The Erosion of Science & the Storm at Bay

I always say, “show me the data” and what that means is, if you plan to tell me something, you better have the evidence to back it up. – E. Dustman

 

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I truly believe that every animal maneuvering this planet is entitled to their own set of beliefs. As a result, I usually remain fairly neutral in regards to topics of debate and leave my personal belief system out of the mix because let’s face it, it can get pretty messy out there. From time to time though I will offer my input if enough people inquire for me to share. So, I am inclined to do so and in sharing such, I realize the repercussions, but I accept them. Not everyone will support my personal view and I would never force them to. That being said, you can read on if you want…or, simply escape [now] if not.

I am a scientist. Even before I was a scientist, I was a very logical person. So it only makes sense that the ways of science came to be a really great fit for me. It is science that has come to form the core of my belief system. What you may not fully understand though is what science actually is.

Science is our attempt as intellectual beings to understand the natural world around us.

That means we created it. That means science is not perfect. That science it is subject to change and it is always changing. There’s sound science and junk science. There are scientists that conduct studies and present data as best as they can (as unbiased as possible) and there are also scientists that present invalid data to appear valid who are paid to do so by corporations. There’s always a bad guy in the mix, but the job of a good scientist is to understand something to the best of their abilities with the tools that they have at the time and present their results to the masses for conjecture. Once enough replications of an experiment are done and a similar conclusion is obtained, a hypothesis can turn into a pretty solid theory.

Let’s take a look for a moment at the highly regarded Aristotle (384–322 BC). Did he change the way we thought about the world? Absolutely. He also developed an idea called spontaneous generation. Unfamiliar with that term? Well, it basically means that life can arise from inanimate matter (abiogenesis). So, frogs are born from logs. Mice from sock piles. Fleas from dust. You get the idea. Does spontaneous generation sound bogus idea this day in age? YES. But it made sense at the time. In fact, it made sense for around 2000 years!! But, let’s please remember what I have stated here – scientists do the best they can to understand said topic with the tools they have at that time. Am I going to say it is absolutely false? NO.

As a scientist I never prove anything.

I only support or reject an idea based on my current knowledge at the time. There is ALWAYS the potential for an exception and I will not eliminate that as a possibility (i.e. the role of abiogenesis in the origins of life, protobionts, etc.). And, since I am always learning new things, my knowledge base is changing and therefore my ideologies are also subject to change.

Fast forward to modern day in the 21st century with all of our revolutionary advancements – think CRISPR-Cas9 – and how we have expanded our understanding of the world so much, but yet there is always so much more that we have to learn. Despite this grandiose information age and all of the fancy tools and technologies, we still don’t have all of the answers. I don’t know everything, but if you show me enough experiment replications and similar results over and over and over again lending to the same or similar conclusions, I am going to assess it to the best of my scientific abilities and draw my own conclusions.

Take a stab at it yourself, you don’t even have to be a scientist. If, for instance, you look at planet earth over its lifetime – ice cores, pollen cores, packrat midden burrows, fossil histories, etc. – you will see that earth has undergone periods of glacials and interglacials.

That means, the earth has undergone periods of climatic warming and periods of climatic cooling.

All of this scientific data and years of analyzation, this is where the term climate change is derived. As scientists, we know that we are currently in a period of warming…climatic warming. Is it natural? Yes. BUT we are accelerating this rate faster than ever before in the history of time as a result of industrialization, overpopulation, and the way that we currently live our lives in developed countries.

That is of concern. And, the rejection of such science is even more concerning.

 

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Figure Credit: National Park Service

So, I have a question for you and it is quite simply this: For your science, are you going to believe in ideas of antiquity or those of progressive researchers?

 

With sincerest hopes looking towards the future,

Emily A. Dustman
Scientist + Artist
Founder / Editor-in-Chief
E-Squared Magazine

“It is quite proved that certain fishes come spontaneously into existence, not being derived from eggs or from copulation. Such fish as are neither oviparous nor viviparous arise all from one of two sources, from mud, or from sand and from decayed matter that rises thence as a scum; for instance, the so-called froth of the small fry comes out of sandy ground.  – Aristotle

“We are in danger of destroying ourselves by our greed and stupidity. We cannot remain looking inwards at ourselves on a small and increasingly polluted and overcrowded planet.” – Stephen Hawking

“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.” – Einstein

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Friday, January 13th, 2017

The Story of Coffee

Header Image: Ted Kinsman

The art + science of…coffee. Yes, there is an art and science to coffee. In being a scientist, I want to share with you the science of coffee. In being an artist, I want to share with you the art of coffee. As I sit here and sip on my own cup of java brewed through my favored pour-over method, I would like to tell you a little more about this special blend of coffee, of art + science…

THE SCIENCE

WHAT IS COFFEE?

Coffee is an evergreen shrub of the genus Coffea. It is actually the berries of the shrub that we refer to as beans and extract coffee from. There’s a lot of chemistry going on in one cup of this fancy elixir, so let’s talk a little coffee science, starting with a bit about its chemical composition.

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PHYTOCHEMICALS

Phyto what? Coffee is full of phytochemicals (phyto = plant; chemicals). Phytochemicals are what gives plants their pigment and protective properties (i.e. orange carrots get their color from the phytochemical carotenoid). The health benefits of phytochemicals have been known and used for centuries, and are even extracted for use in many modern day pharmaceuticals (i.e. aspirin is derived from white willow tree bark, known for its anti-inflammatory properties).

While the jury may still be out on the overall benefits of coffee, we think it’s pretty durn good for you so let’s “phyt the fight” for coffee and explore the science behind these chemicals.


CAFFEINE

We are most familiarized with caffeine but what is it? Caffeine is an antioxidant, a psychoactive known to stimulate your central nervous system. More specifically, it is a purine (think back to DNA – purines & pyrimidines: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine).

But, how does it work? In your brain, there are receptors with a designed (induced) fit for a hypnogenic molecule called adenosine. Adenosine is responsible for moderating your circadian rhythm. When enough adenosine molecules bind to these receptors, sleep occurs. It just so happens that caffeine can also fit/bind to adenosine receptors, thus blocking adenosine from binding, and therefore preventing your sleepy time. See below for my illustration:

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While caffeine is known for its addictive properties, it is also known to improve cognition, decrease fatigue, and boost memory. Too much caffeine can over-stimulate your nervous system, decrease bone density, and raise blood pressure though, so, as with anything, simply moderate your consumption!

Check Out: Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and prevention of late-life cognitive decline and dementia: a systematic review


CHLOROGENIC ACIDS

Coffee has beneficial compounds known as chlorogenic acids (CGAs).  Chlorogenic acids are also antioxidants. Studies have indicated CGAs can slow the release of glucose into your bloodstream equating to lower blood sugar and in some cases, reduce the risk of cataracts. Some people even take these acids as an over-the-counter supplement, so why not just drink them in coffee instead?

Read More: Chlorogenic acid improves late diabetes through adiponectin receptor signaling pathways in db/db mice 


TRIGONELLINE

This bitter alkaloid does a lot. Scientific studies show that trigonellione has the potential to maintain low blood sugar, protect your nervous system, improve memory, serve as antibacterial/antiviral agents, and also reduce platelet aggregation (= decrease blood clots in your bloodstream). Mmm! Bitter has never tasted so good.

See Study: Trigonelline: a plant alkaloid with therapeutic potential for diabetes and central nervous system disease 


KAHWEOL + CAFESTOL

Kahweol and cafestol are diterpenes that comprise the oil component of coffee. Diterpenes exhibit many health benefits and are known to have anti-inflammatory properties.  They have also been known to reduce the effects of various carcinogens as well as inhibit angiogenesis (= the formation of new blood vessels that promote growth and spread of cancer), attributing to their anti-carcinogenic effects. Research has demonstrated that in some cases diterpenes can also raise cholesterol but usually only for those that drink coffee in excess (around 8 cups per day).Want to avoid diterpenes anyway? Brew using a filter as it will capture most of them. See figure below on diterpene concentration based on brew method.

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For More Info. Look Into: Levels of the cholesterol-elevating diterpenes: cafestrol and kahweol in various coffee brews

Anti-cancer Info: Anti-proliferative properties of kahweol in oral squamous cancer through the regulation specificity protein 1

THE ART

BEAN & BREW

Now understanding the science of coffee, there is obviously an art to brewing coffee. It is through different beans, grinds, brewing methods, temperatures, and brew times that one can extract different health benefits. For instance, you may not know that some of these beneficial antioxidants we have discussed (i.e. diterpenes) are mostly left behind in the filter when you utilize pour-over brewing methodologies. In addition, different types of coffee beans have more or less of certain beneficial properties.
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Image Source: http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/01/how-to-science-up-your-coffee/

Honestly, I try not to worry myself too much about which bean and brew are best. I know that no matter what, I am getting some beneficial properties when I drink coffee. Admittedly, I mostly just want my coffee to taste good. My preference? Dark roasts like Sumatra.

Care to Get the Most? Read more about Extraction of Coffee Antioxidants: Impact of Brewing time and Method 


THE PERFECT CUP

The perfect cup is local. When in Rhode Island, my go to is Borealis Coffee Company (translation: “from the north”). Frustrated with the chain-scene, owner Brian Dwiggins began home-roasting in 2010 and opened a shop in Riverside this past summer. With small-batch roasts, a commitment to quality, and great customer service, this is the place to go. If you’re in the New England area, I encourage you to visit and let yourself go on a coffee adventure!

When I travel home to the Midwest, I always make certain to drop by my favorite shop Sump Coffee. I know I am in good hands here as chemist, artist, and owner, Scott Carey truly knows his stuff. Ask the man a question, and you will get a personal chemistry lesson and complete flavor profile on your coffee as it changes by the minute. When you get your coffee, I urge you try it before adding any cream and sugar. In fact, I think adding cream and sugar is an absolute sin as it is about the perfect balance of roast, bean, and brew here. At Sump, I always say, “it’s not just coffee, it’s an experience” and that has held true each time I visit. 

Understanding the science of coffee, I consider myself “coffee informed.” Working in coffee, I have taken some classes on cupping and how to pull the perfect shot – tasting the spectrum from good to bad, over-pulled and under-pulled shots and everything between. You don’t have to take classes to learn about coffee though. Mostly, I encourage you to try a local roast and experiment (like a scientist!) with different brew methods. Visit regularly and you might even get custom turtle latte art (for the turtle biologist in me) or hand-written notes on your to-go cup. Either way, take the time to figure out what it is you really like and don’t be afraid to ask questions along the way.

Oh, and now that you’ve read all of that, check out Ted Kinsman’s innovative coffee printer, printing 4000 drips per hour! Kinsman is featured in Issue #2 of E-Squared so keep an eye out for more of his work!

 

Wednesday, January 11th, 2017

Call for Submissions

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Call for Submissions is Ongoing!

 

Click on the above link for more information.

If accepted, publication of your work will be relative to the Issue in progress.

Feel free to e-mail us at info@esquaredmagazine.com

Thursday, January 5th, 2017

Smart is the New Sexy

Header Image: Hikmet Gümüş

Dear Sapiosexuals,

This year, we think smart is the new sexy. We’re talking about art here, folks but not just any art…intellectual art. We have always felt that which is intellectual is attractive, exciting, provocative, and yes, we’ll say it again, sexy. It’s the kind of art that makes you think. Deeply ponder. Feel inspired. Of course, we’re not denying that aesthetic art has its place too. We have great respect for all art and art movements throughout history.

What has become important to us though is art that is intellectual, progressive…art that moves humanity forward in some kind of way. We’ve been busy saying no to all the candy art. There’s a place for that. What we desire though is the kind of work that isn’t just about the wow factor, but the kind that makes you really think and then the double wow comes after you comprehend it. Honestly, in just six months of opening our minds to the art + science scene, we haven’t been able to think about art the same way.

We’re currently working hard on the second Issue of E-Squared Magazine. We look forward to our fresh group of artists and romanticizing you with new and inspiring content. Stay tuned for behind the scenes at E-Squared Studios during the making of Issue #2 and consider subscribing to E-Squared Magazine.

Because smart is the new sexy.

 

 

Saturday, December 31st, 2016

Resolve to Renew…

…All Your Old Resolves

What will you be doing New Year’s Eve? To ring in 2017, I will be traveling to my home grounds, to my Midwestern roots. That means ham hocks, brown beans, and cornbread (for good luck); smoked meats and cheeses; and, a table full of family. I’ll play Shanghai rummy until the clock strikes midnight and toast to “the new” with Welch’s sparkling grape juice. This is all followed up outside with firecrackers, air horns, and banging on cast iron pans. What can I say…it’s family tradition.

But what will you resolve to do? Personally, I don’t believe in reserving resolutions for just one time a year. Instead, I believe in resolutions all year long. So much has happened over the past year, and honestly, I couldn’t have done it without setting goals and resolving to do better and be better as a person. To act with intention. To be progressive. Yes, the world is a big place, but as my family would say, try and take care of your corner of the world as best as you can.

Here’s a list I have compiled of what I resolve to do (so far) for the beginning of 2017:

Be more charitable
Publish a book or two
Do laundry once a week
Check off a few more of my life goals
Grow more spiritually
Eat fewer donuts (for real, guys)
Spend more time outdoors
Wash, dry, AND put away the dishes
Eat more healthily
Be more involved in my community
Create with more intention

Cheers to progressing ourselves and humanity in 2017!

Emily A. Dustman
Founder & Creative Director

Friday, December 23rd, 2016

Merry Holidays!

“…when all through the house, not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse.”

Are the stockings hung by the chimney? Are the children nestled all snug in their beds? There’s always a lot of hustle and bustle this time of year. I’ve been busy making most of my gifts and neatly wrapping presents for kids in the family. I’ve been busy with a lot of little things in preparation for the holidays. Regardless of any religious or spiritual beliefs, stepping outside of it all, what I am thankful for is nothing that can be bought. I could easily step away from this place and walk away with nothing yet everything all at the same time. The perfect example to illustrate my point here is actually from this very morning, at the A.M. hour of 4:30…

As I had “just settled down for a long winter’s nap,” I woke up to a rustling. Of course, I knew no Saints were visiting me early or anything like that. Instead, I had captured……the mouse! Yes, this old place of mine has mice off and on and I don’t believe in deathtraps for them. After all, they, too, are living creatures just like us. It was months ago that I called my dad up to explain my latest predicament, not only did we have mice, we had really smart mice. My dad is also an artist, though he probably wouldn’t admit it, but as a result of such, he is a very creative inventor. As a Christmas gift, he crafted and shipped several variations of safe traps for our “educated mice.” What can I say? With a little parmesan cheese, they have been quite a success. This A.M. hour I collected yet another mouse friend and transferred the little beating heart over to “Teapot Hotel” (my cozy teapot equipped with bedding for safe keeping and comfort through the night). I named him John Maus after one of my favorite musicians (my former two mouse-mates were Lee and Roy …”Bad, bad, Lee Roy Mouse, baddest mouse in the whole dang house…”).

At the end of it all, I wish my mouse-mates well in such a big, big world, and I do have a point here with my story…that life is precious. Outside of chemicals, happiness can be a state of mind rather than a state of being. Yes, the front porch is falling off of the apartment, yes, the cabinets and drawers might be broken, and yes, on occasion, I have mice tunneling into my humble abode, but I could easily leave all of my material items behind and still walk away with everything I would ever need – myself, my life, my family, and my friends.

Regardless of what you choose to celebrate or not, celebrate life and be thankful for the small things, even the little house mice that might be running around and ruling your place at night.

Wishing Merry Holidays to you all!
♥ Emily A. Dustman
Founder & Creative Director

 

Sunday, December 18th, 2016

Art + Science = Innovation

Know of anyone doing innovative work? Want to be in an Art + Science Magazine? We are currently seeking work for Issue #2!

Consider sharing E-Squared Magazine with someone or sending us your very own work! Check out our General Guidelines and see if your work is a good fit.

Feel free to e-mail us with any questions you may have: info@esquaredmagazine.com

Friday, December 16th, 2016

Snowflakes Circa 1885

It’s getting to be that time of year again when snow crystals flurry through the sky and fill the streets. Have you ever taken a moment to look at a snowflake closely? Well, if you haven’t, do it – they are so incredibly intricate and beautiful.

One of the first known individuals to document snowflakes was Wilson Bentley in 1885. His medium? Photography. What a perfect blend of science + art, documentation and education. But how did he do it? Quite simply, on black velvet under a microscope with a camera attachment.

The process is actually easy and you can do it yourself without the aid of any fancy equipment. Below you will find two variations of how to do this yourself.

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Method A: It’s easy peasy lemon squeezy

  • Find a dark surface (paper, fabric, etc.)
  • Let your chosen medium acclimate to the ambient temperature
  • Look at and/or photograph the beauties with a macro lens

OR

Method B: More like memorizing how to spell poly methyl methacrylate

  • Acquire a piece of clear acetate & crystal clear acrylic coating
  • Place both items in the freezer for 30 minutes or place outdoors (if it’s cold enough)
  • After 30 minutes has elapsed, spray the acetate with the acrylic coating
  • Using the acetate, collect the falling snowflakes
  • Spray once more with the acrylic coating, allowing to dry for at least 15 minutes (snowflakes will melt but you will be left with their impressions)
  • Observe snowflakes with a magnifying glass

If you’re feeling really ambitious, key out your snowflakes with Ken Libbrecht’s Field Guide to Snowflakes. We own a copy and it’s quite informative.

“Under the microscope, I found that snowflakes were miracles of beauty.” – Wilson Bentley

 

Monday, December 12th, 2016

Art + Invention

Texas-based artist Margaret Craig transforms ocean reef trash from around the world into life-like sculptures. Science has been a huge spring board for Margaret Craig’s work. In her approach, she explores both positive and negative impacts of ocean trash. She reminds us that nature is always an opportunist. Her plastics become food for thought and not a danger to ecosystems by being mistaken for food. As an artist, Craig is also beholden to science in the creation of her work. She uses chemical coatings to mimic natural processes, and contemporary material developed by chemists to print her works. Much of the scientific method goes into discovering a new effect she can repeat and use.

Through this juxtaposition of artwork from plastic waste and destruction brought about by plastic, Margaret Craig makes a statement regarding mindfulness for the environment. She is often involved in trade portfolios and exhibits locally, nationally, and internationally. Craig invented Tar Gel Pressless Etching and has demonstrated this and other techniques at national conferences.

Currently, she has an informative video up about her invented process. You can check it out here.

Tuesday, December 6th, 2016

Oh, the Holidaze

Header Image: Josef Reischig

For me, December is sort of analogous to cellular division. Just like the process of creating new cells, it is a time for generating new ideas. While I am always working on all things E-Squared, I do receive a small gift, a short break from writing or editing images for the current issue. So, you may wonder, what do I do with this down time? Here’s a short list and gallery of images to show you a little bit of what I’ve been up to lately (in no particular order):

  • Addressing holiday cards. I’m pretty stoked about the global moon stamps for our international friends
  • Submitting my artwork to galleries (yes, believe it or not, I’m still an active artist)
  • Reading philosophical works & poetry
  • Baking chocolate chip cookies (and, eating them like snails)
  • Working on writing my novel
  • Drinking coffee + eating donuts
  • Finalizing the semester / calculating final grades for college students
  • Making home made gifts (like hot cocoa & magnets) and then joyfully wrapping them :o)
  • Having fun with experimental photography
  • Preparing for the cold days to come. I do believe that the winter months are for hot cocoa and progressive reading…(hint, hint).

Category Archives: Uncategorized

The Erosion of Science & the Storm at Bay

I always say, “show me the data” and what that means is, if you plan to tell me something, you better have the evidence to back it up. – E. Dustman   I truly believe that every animal maneuvering this planet is entitled to their own set of beliefs. As a result, I usually remain fairly […]

The Story of Coffee

Header Image: Ted Kinsman The art + science of…coffee. Yes, there is an art and science to coffee. In being a scientist, I want to share with you the science of coffee. In being an artist, I want to share with you the art of coffee. As I sit here and sip on my own cup […]

Call for Submissions

Call for Submissions is Ongoing!   Click on the above link for more information. If accepted, publication of your work will be relative to the Issue in progress. Feel free to e-mail us at info@esquaredmagazine.com

Smart is the New Sexy

Header Image: Hikmet Gümüş Dear Sapiosexuals, This year, we think smart is the new sexy. We’re talking about art here, folks but not just any art…intellectual art. We have always felt that which is intellectual is attractive, exciting, provocative, and yes, we’ll say it again, sexy. It’s the kind of art that makes you think. Deeply ponder. […]

Resolve to Renew…

…All Your Old Resolves What will you be doing New Year’s Eve? To ring in 2017, I will be traveling to my home grounds, to my Midwestern roots. That means ham hocks, brown beans, and cornbread (for good luck); smoked meats and cheeses; and, a table full of family. I’ll play Shanghai rummy until the clock strikes […]

Merry Holidays!

“…when all through the house, not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse.” Are the stockings hung by the chimney? Are the children nestled all snug in their beds? There’s always a lot of hustle and bustle this time of year. I’ve been busy making most of my gifts and neatly wrapping presents for […]

Art + Science = Innovation

Know of anyone doing innovative work? Want to be in an Art + Science Magazine? We are currently seeking work for Issue #2! Consider sharing E-Squared Magazine with someone or sending us your very own work! Check out our General Guidelines and see if your work is a good fit. Feel free to e-mail us with any […]

Snowflakes Circa 1885

It’s getting to be that time of year again when snow crystals flurry through the sky and fill the streets. Have you ever taken a moment to look at a snowflake closely? Well, if you haven’t, do it – they are so incredibly intricate and beautiful. One of the first known individuals to document snowflakes was […]

Art + Invention

Texas-based artist Margaret Craig transforms ocean reef trash from around the world into life-like sculptures. Science has been a huge spring board for Margaret Craig’s work. In her approach, she explores both positive and negative impacts of ocean trash. She reminds us that nature is always an opportunist. Her plastics become food for thought and not […]

Oh, the Holidaze

Header Image: Josef Reischig For me, December is sort of analogous to cellular division. Just like the process of creating new cells, it is a time for generating new ideas. While I am always working on all things E-Squared, I do receive a small gift, a short break from writing or editing images for the current issue. So, you may wonder, what do I do […]